[1] “Offensive Turque En Syrie: Erdogan Menace l’Europe «d’envoyer Des Millions de Migrants»,” Le Soir, October 10, 2019, https://www.lesoir.be/252787/article/2019-10-10/offensive-turque-en-syrie-erdogan-menace-leurope-denvoyer-des-millions-de?fbclid=IwAR0zHBQpyhvNCTfyud4ocL246RBMzVmTmhXKTifN3fXEzEdOGZXNdx6MU3A.
[2] “Turkey’s Erdogan Threatens to ‘open the Gates’ for Migrants to Europe,” Euronews, September 5, 2019, https://www.euronews.com/2019/09/05/turkey-s-erdogan-threatens-to-open-the-gates-for-migrants-to-europe.
[3] “Erdogan Says Turkey Will Let Refugees into Europe If EU Does Not Support It,” Reuters, November 7, 2019, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey-migrants/erdogan-says-turkey-will-let-refugees-into-europe-if-eu-does-not-support-it-idUSKBN1XH26G.
[4] R. Karakaya Polat, “Religious Solidarity, Historical Mission and Moral Superiority: Construction of External and Internal ‘Others’ in AKP’s Discourses on Syrian Refugees in Turkey,” Critical Discourse Studies, 2018, 2. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2018.1500925.
[5] Karakaya Polat, 3; Recep Gulmez, “The Securitization of the Syrian Refugee Crisis Through Political Party Discourses,” Journal of International Migration and Integration, December 11, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-018-0637-2.
[6] Karakaya Polat, 6.
[7] Erdoğan addressing the Parliament, 01.10.2015 in Karakaya Polat , 8.
[8] Mary Harris, “Turkish President Defines Turkey’s ‘Borders of the Heart’ as Larger Than Actual Borders,” Greek Greece Report, November 10, 2016, https://greece.greekreporter.com/2016/11/10/turkish-president-defines-turkeys-borders-of-the-heart-as-larger-than-actual-borders/.
[9] Asli Okyay and Jonathan Zaragoza-Cristiani, “The Leverage of the Gatekeeper: Power and Interdependence in the Migration Nexus between the EU and Turkey,” The International Spectator Italian Journal of International Affairs 51, no. 4 (2016), 59. https://doi.org/10.1080/03932729.2016.1235403.
[10] Kelly Greenhill, Weapons of Mass Migration Forced Displacement, Coercion, and Foreign Policy, Ithaca and London (cornell university press, 2010); Kelly Greenhill, “Migration as a Weapon in Theory and in Practice,” Military Review, 2016.
[11] Okyay and Zaragoza-Cristiani, 64.
[12] Greenhill, Weapons of Mass Migration Forced Displacement, Coercion, and Foreign Policy.116.
[13] Greenhill, “Migration as a Weapon in Theory and in Practice.” 130.
[14] Greenhill, p 135, refer to footnote 10.
[15] Kelly Greenhill, “Strategic Engineered Migration as a Weapon of War,” Civil Wars 20 (2008).
[16] Greenhill, Weapons of Mass Migration Forced Displacement, Coercion, and Foreign Policy. 130.
[17] Lev Marder, “Refugees Are Not Weapons: The ‘Weapons of Mass Migration’ Metaphor and Its Implications,” Oxford University Press, International Studies Review, 20 (2018), 577. https://doi.org/doi: 10.1093/isr/vix055.
[18] Marder. 581.
[19] Okyay and Zaragoza-Cristiani, 51.
[20] Okyay and Zaragoza-Cristiani. 54.
[21] Okyay and Zaragoza-Cristiani. 56.
[22] Greenhill, “Migration as a Weapon in Theory and in Practice.”
[23] Okyay and Zaragoza-Cristiani, 60.
[24] Emanuella Roman, Theodore Baird, and Talia Radcliffe, “Why Turkey Is Not a ‘Safe Country’” (Statewatch, February 2016). 18.
[25] Roman, Baird, and Radcliffe. 10.
[26] Roman, Baird, and Radcliffe. 15.
[27] D. Simsek and S. Koser Akcapar, “The Politics of Syrian Refugees in Turkey: A Question of Inclusion and Exclusion through Citizenship,” n.d. 177.
[28] Giray Sadık and Hilal Zorba, “Humanitarian Diplomacy for Syrian Refugees and Turkey-EU Relations,” GÖÇ ARAŞTIRMALARI DERGİSİ THE JOURNAL OF MIGRATION STUDIES 3, no. 2 (2017); Simsek and Koser Akcapar, “The Politics of Syrian Refugees in Turkey: A Question of Inclusion and Exclusion through Citizenship.” 28.
[29] Karakaya Polat, 3.
[30] Roman, Baird, and Radcliffe, “Why Turkey Is Not a ‘Safe Country.’” 16.
[31] Simsek and Koser Akcapar, 182.
[32] Okyay and Zaragoza-Cristiani,63; Simsek and Koser Akcapar, 63.
[33] Okyay and Zaragoza-Cristiani, 59.
[34] Said Yuce, Member of Parliament for Isparta, Member of Sub-commission on Refugee Rights, 08.02.2016 in Karakaya Polat, 10.
[35] Erdoğan, 18.02.2015 in Karakaya Polat, 10.
[36] Karakaya Polat. 10.
[37] Karakaya Polat. 10.
[38] Okyay and Zaragoza-Cristiani, 63.
[39] Okyay and Zaragoza-Cristiani.59.
[40] Suraj Sharma, “Référendum En Turquie : Ce Que Pensent Les Anciens Poids Lourds de l’AKP,” Middle East Eye, January 29, 2019, https://www.middleeasteye.net/fr/reportages/referendum-en-turquie-ce-que-pensent-les-anciens-poids-lourds-de-lakp.
[41] Okyay and Zaragoza-Cristiani, 58.
[42] Okyay and Zaragoza-Cristiani.59.
[43] Greenhill, “Migration as a Weapon in Theory and in Practice.” 123.
[44] Greenhill, Weapons of Mass Migration Forced Displacement, Coercion, and Foreign Policy. 210.
[45] Greenhill.210.
[46] Anne Hammerstad, “UNHCR and the Securitization of Forced Migration,” in Refugees in International Relations (Oxford University Press, 2010). 256.
[47] Kelly Greenhill and Joshua Busby, “Ain’t That a Shame? Hypocrisy, Punishment, and Weak Actor Influence in International Politic,” in The Politics of Leverage in International Relations Name, Shame, and Sanction (New York: Palgrave Studies in International Relations Series, 2015). 105-106.
[48] Greenhill, Weapons of Mass Migration Forced Displacement, Coercion, and Foreign Policy.132.
[49] Greenhill and Busby, “Ain’t That a Shame? Hypocrisy, Punishment, and Weak Actor Influence in International Politic.” 105-106.
[50] Atay Uslu, Member of Parliament for Antalya, Chair of the Sub-commission on Refugee Rights, 22.03.2016 in Karakaya Polat, 9.